Leader Slot 資訊 API 文件

什麼是 Leader Slot 資訊（getLeaderSlots）API？

getLeaderSlots 是一個擴充的 Solana RPC 方法，用於返回即將到來的 leader slot 記錄，包括 validator identity、質押權重、網路端點後設資料、估算的 leader 位置，以及參考延遲測量。持有 ERPC 使用額度（API token）的使用者，可以用與標準 Solana RPC 方法相同的格式呼叫。

此 API 提供：

從指定 slot 開始的 leader validator 排程
每個 leader validator 的 stakeWeight
估算的 leader 區域、城市、國家、座標、ASN 組織與時區
透過 pingToLeaders 提供從 ERPC 各觀測區域到 leader 的參考 ping 測量

端點和請求體示例

endpoint

https://edge.erpc.global?api-key=<YOUR_API_KEY>

https://edge.erpc.global?api-key=<YOUR_API_KEY>

在 params 中指定起始 slot 編號。

json

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "getLeaderSlots",
  "params": [436946064]
}

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "getLeaderSlots",
  "params": [436946064]
}

示例（HTTP）

bash

curl 'https://edge.erpc.global?api-key=<YOUR_API_KEY>' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data '{
    "jsonrpc":"2.0",
    "id":1,
    "method":"getLeaderSlots",
    "params":[436946064]
  }'

curl 'https://edge.erpc.global?api-key=<YOUR_API_KEY>' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data '{
    "jsonrpc":"2.0",
    "id":1,
    "method":"getLeaderSlots",
    "params":[436946064]
  }'

響應示例（JSON）

當前響應會將記錄放在 result.data[] 中。result.total 表示返回的記錄數量。下面的 data[] 陣列從本次請求的 100 筆記錄中節錄了三筆：第一筆記錄展示了來自 ERPC 全部七個觀測區域的 pingToLeaders，其餘記錄為便於閱讀只保留了一個區域。

json

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "result": {
    "success": true,
    "message": "Leader schedule records retrieved successfully",
    "total": 100,
    "data": [
      {
        "identity": "BXAxLMMMUNYfC1z166VjWHR3WjTmqzLxB837o5ghmRtH",
        "epoch": 1011,
        "slot": "436946064",
        "stakeWeight": 819031.365477103,
        "ipAddress": "202.8.10.164",
        "gossipPort": 8000,
        "tpuPort": null,
        "tpuQuicPort": 5010,
        "rpcAddress": null,
        "version": "4.1.2",
        "featureSet": "3345198602",
        "leaderRegion": "dublin",
        "leaderCity": "Crumlin",
        "leaderCountry": "IE",
        "leaderLat": 53.32154,
        "leaderLon": -6.31439,
        "leaderOrg": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
        "leaderTimezone": "Europe/Dublin",
        "pingToLeaders": [
          {
            "city": "Frankfurt am Main",
            "region": "frankfurt",
            "ms": 18.438,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "185.191.118.11",
            "country": "DE",
            "lat": 50.139,
            "lon": 8.6725,
            "org": "AS213896 UAB Cherry Servers",
            "postal": "60320",
            "timezone": "Europe/Berlin",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:20:48.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Newark",
            "region": "ny",
            "ms": 74.981,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "64.130.37.222",
            "country": "US",
            "lat": 40.73566,
            "lon": -74.17237,
            "org": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
            "postal": "07102",
            "timezone": "America/New_York",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:22:21.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "London",
            "region": "london",
            "ms": 10.978,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "67.209.52.250",
            "country": "GB",
            "lat": 51.50853,
            "lon": -0.12574,
            "org": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
            "postal": "WC2N",
            "timezone": "Europe/London",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:23:06.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Singapore",
            "region": "singapore",
            "ms": 166.379,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "202.8.11.52",
            "country": "SG",
            "lat": 1.2959,
            "lon": 103.7907,
            "org": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
            "postal": "139963",
            "timezone": "Asia/Singapore",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:24:52.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Amsterdam",
            "region": "amsterdam",
            "ms": 12.827,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "84.32.103.245",
            "country": "NL",
            "lat": 52.37403,
            "lon": 4.88969,
            "org": "AS59642 UAB Cherry Servers",
            "postal": "1012",
            "timezone": "Europe/Amsterdam",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:21:33.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Ebara",
            "region": "tokyo",
            "ms": 212.499,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "198.13.133.88",
            "country": "JP",
            "lat": 35.617,
            "lon": 139.7486,
            "org": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
            "postal": "140-0002",
            "timezone": "Asia/Tokyo",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:24:01.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Sydney",
            "region": "sydney",
            "ms": 274.379,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "82.26.116.36",
            "country": "AU",
            "lat": -33.86785,
            "lon": 151.20732,
            "org": "AS29802 HIVELOCITY, Inc.",
            "postal": "1001",
            "timezone": "Australia/Sydney",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:25:50.000Z"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "identity": "BXAxLMMMUNYfC1z166VjWHR3WjTmqzLxB837o5ghmRtH",
        "epoch": 1011,
        "slot": "436946065",
        "stakeWeight": 819031.365477103,
        "ipAddress": "202.8.10.164",
        "gossipPort": 8000,
        "tpuPort": null,
        "tpuQuicPort": 5010,
        "rpcAddress": null,
        "version": "4.1.2",
        "featureSet": "3345198602",
        "leaderRegion": "dublin",
        "leaderCity": "Crumlin",
        "leaderCountry": "IE",
        "leaderLat": 53.32154,
        "leaderLon": -6.31439,
        "leaderOrg": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
        "leaderTimezone": "Europe/Dublin",
        "pingToLeaders": [
          {
            "city": "Frankfurt am Main",
            "region": "frankfurt",
            "ms": 18.438,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "185.191.118.11",
            "country": "DE",
            "lat": 50.139,
            "lon": 8.6725,
            "org": "AS213896 UAB Cherry Servers",
            "postal": "60320",
            "timezone": "Europe/Berlin",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:20:48.000Z"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "identity": "BXAxLMMMUNYfC1z166VjWHR3WjTmqzLxB837o5ghmRtH",
        "epoch": 1011,
        "slot": "436946066",
        "stakeWeight": 819031.365477103,
        "ipAddress": "202.8.10.164",
        "gossipPort": 8000,
        "tpuPort": null,
        "tpuQuicPort": 5010,
        "rpcAddress": null,
        "version": "4.1.2",
        "featureSet": "3345198602",
        "leaderRegion": "dublin",
        "leaderCity": "Crumlin",
        "leaderCountry": "IE",
        "leaderLat": 53.32154,
        "leaderLon": -6.31439,
        "leaderOrg": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
        "leaderTimezone": "Europe/Dublin",
        "pingToLeaders": [
          {
            "city": "Frankfurt am Main",
            "region": "frankfurt",
            "ms": 18.438,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "185.191.118.11",
            "country": "DE",
            "lat": 50.139,
            "lon": 8.6725,
            "org": "AS213896 UAB Cherry Servers",
            "postal": "60320",
            "timezone": "Europe/Berlin",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:20:48.000Z"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "result": {
    "success": true,
    "message": "Leader schedule records retrieved successfully",
    "total": 100,
    "data": [
      {
        "identity": "BXAxLMMMUNYfC1z166VjWHR3WjTmqzLxB837o5ghmRtH",
        "epoch": 1011,
        "slot": "436946064",
        "stakeWeight": 819031.365477103,
        "ipAddress": "202.8.10.164",
        "gossipPort": 8000,
        "tpuPort": null,
        "tpuQuicPort": 5010,
        "rpcAddress": null,
        "version": "4.1.2",
        "featureSet": "3345198602",
        "leaderRegion": "dublin",
        "leaderCity": "Crumlin",
        "leaderCountry": "IE",
        "leaderLat": 53.32154,
        "leaderLon": -6.31439,
        "leaderOrg": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
        "leaderTimezone": "Europe/Dublin",
        "pingToLeaders": [
          {
            "city": "Frankfurt am Main",
            "region": "frankfurt",
            "ms": 18.438,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "185.191.118.11",
            "country": "DE",
            "lat": 50.139,
            "lon": 8.6725,
            "org": "AS213896 UAB Cherry Servers",
            "postal": "60320",
            "timezone": "Europe/Berlin",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:20:48.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Newark",
            "region": "ny",
            "ms": 74.981,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "64.130.37.222",
            "country": "US",
            "lat": 40.73566,
            "lon": -74.17237,
            "org": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
            "postal": "07102",
            "timezone": "America/New_York",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:22:21.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "London",
            "region": "london",
            "ms": 10.978,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "67.209.52.250",
            "country": "GB",
            "lat": 51.50853,
            "lon": -0.12574,
            "org": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
            "postal": "WC2N",
            "timezone": "Europe/London",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:23:06.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Singapore",
            "region": "singapore",
            "ms": 166.379,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "202.8.11.52",
            "country": "SG",
            "lat": 1.2959,
            "lon": 103.7907,
            "org": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
            "postal": "139963",
            "timezone": "Asia/Singapore",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:24:52.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Amsterdam",
            "region": "amsterdam",
            "ms": 12.827,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "84.32.103.245",
            "country": "NL",
            "lat": 52.37403,
            "lon": 4.88969,
            "org": "AS59642 UAB Cherry Servers",
            "postal": "1012",
            "timezone": "Europe/Amsterdam",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:21:33.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Ebara",
            "region": "tokyo",
            "ms": 212.499,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "198.13.133.88",
            "country": "JP",
            "lat": 35.617,
            "lon": 139.7486,
            "org": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
            "postal": "140-0002",
            "timezone": "Asia/Tokyo",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:24:01.000Z"
          },
          {
            "city": "Sydney",
            "region": "sydney",
            "ms": 274.379,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "82.26.116.36",
            "country": "AU",
            "lat": -33.86785,
            "lon": 151.20732,
            "org": "AS29802 HIVELOCITY, Inc.",
            "postal": "1001",
            "timezone": "Australia/Sydney",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:25:50.000Z"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "identity": "BXAxLMMMUNYfC1z166VjWHR3WjTmqzLxB837o5ghmRtH",
        "epoch": 1011,
        "slot": "436946065",
        "stakeWeight": 819031.365477103,
        "ipAddress": "202.8.10.164",
        "gossipPort": 8000,
        "tpuPort": null,
        "tpuQuicPort": 5010,
        "rpcAddress": null,
        "version": "4.1.2",
        "featureSet": "3345198602",
        "leaderRegion": "dublin",
        "leaderCity": "Crumlin",
        "leaderCountry": "IE",
        "leaderLat": 53.32154,
        "leaderLon": -6.31439,
        "leaderOrg": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
        "leaderTimezone": "Europe/Dublin",
        "pingToLeaders": [
          {
            "city": "Frankfurt am Main",
            "region": "frankfurt",
            "ms": 18.438,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "185.191.118.11",
            "country": "DE",
            "lat": 50.139,
            "lon": 8.6725,
            "org": "AS213896 UAB Cherry Servers",
            "postal": "60320",
            "timezone": "Europe/Berlin",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:20:48.000Z"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "identity": "BXAxLMMMUNYfC1z166VjWHR3WjTmqzLxB837o5ghmRtH",
        "epoch": 1011,
        "slot": "436946066",
        "stakeWeight": 819031.365477103,
        "ipAddress": "202.8.10.164",
        "gossipPort": 8000,
        "tpuPort": null,
        "tpuQuicPort": 5010,
        "rpcAddress": null,
        "version": "4.1.2",
        "featureSet": "3345198602",
        "leaderRegion": "dublin",
        "leaderCity": "Crumlin",
        "leaderCountry": "IE",
        "leaderLat": 53.32154,
        "leaderLon": -6.31439,
        "leaderOrg": "AS20326 TeraSwitch Networks Inc.",
        "leaderTimezone": "Europe/Dublin",
        "pingToLeaders": [
          {
            "city": "Frankfurt am Main",
            "region": "frankfurt",
            "ms": 18.438,
            "icmpReplied": true,
            "fromIp": "185.191.118.11",
            "country": "DE",
            "lat": 50.139,
            "lon": 8.6725,
            "org": "AS213896 UAB Cherry Servers",
            "postal": "60320",
            "timezone": "Europe/Berlin",
            "measuredAt": "2026-08-03T06:20:48.000Z"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

響應欄位

欄位	含義
`result.success`	請求是否成功。
`result.message`	可讀的狀態訊息。
`result.total`	返回的 leader slot 記錄數量。此 API 目前每次請求返回 100 筆記錄。
`result.data[]`	從所請求的 slot 開始依序排列的 leader slot 記錄。
`identity`	Leader validator 的 identity 公鑰。
`epoch`	該 slot 所屬的 Solana epoch。
`slot`	Slot 編號。以字串形式返回，因此用戶端不應假定它是 JSON 數字。
`stakeWeight`	委託給該 leader validator 的質押量。質押量越大，通常該 validator 在較長時間內出現在 leader 排程中的次數越多。
`leaderRegion`	用於路由與分析的正規化運營區域標籤。它可能將鄰近的城市或供應商位置歸為一組。
`leaderCity`, `leaderCountry`, `leaderLat`, `leaderLon`, `leaderOrg`, `leaderTimezone`	此 leader validator 的估算地理位置與網路組織。
`pingToLeaders[]`	從 ERPC 各觀測區域（`frankfurt`、`amsterdam`、`ny`、`london`、`tokyo`、`singapore`、`sydney`）到該 leader 的參考延遲，包含 region、city、ms、icmpReplied、fromIp、country、座標、ASN organization、郵遞區號、timezone 與 measuredAt。
`pingToLeaders[].icmpReplied`	此 validator 是否回應了本次 ICMP 測量。為 `false` 時，`ms` 帶的是預設的哨兵值而非延遲實測值，不應以延遲解讀。請把 `false` 理解為「未知」，而不是「距離遠」或「不可用」：有些 validator 不回應 ICMP，但 TPU 與 QUIC 仍然正常運作，據此過濾會把健康的 leader 從你的發送路徑中剔除。在把 `ms` 當作延遲使用之前，請先檢查 `icmpReplied`：該欄位決定這個數字是否可用，而不是決定該向哪個 validator 發送。
`pingToLeaders[].measuredAt`	最近一次測量此延遲的時間，採用 ISO-8601 UTC 格式。可用它判斷讀數的新鮮程度。各觀測區域各自獨立進行測量，因此同一個 `pingToLeaders` 陣列中的各筆記錄，`measuredAt` 可能並不相同。`measuredAt` 較舊並不代表讀數有問題：某輪測量未能跑完時，系統會保留已存的數值，而不會以捏造的數值覆蓋，因此它仍然反映過去確實進行過的一次測量。

視覺化 Leader Slot

同一響應可以按 slot 時間線來閱讀。下面示例以 Frankfurt 作為觀測點。

Slot 範圍	Leader 區域	Leader 位置	質押權重	來自 Frankfurt 的 ping	運營含義
436946064-436946066	dublin	Crumlin, IE	819,031.37	18.438 ms	同一個 leader 連續持有三個 slot。Frankfurt 以 18.4 ms 服務它，但 London（11.0 ms）與 Amsterdam（12.8 ms）距離更近——在這個視窗中，London 或 Amsterdam 的資源優於 Frankfurt。
436946068	frankfurt	Frankfurt am Main, DE	166,438.25	0.062 ms	同城的 leader。在此 slot，Frankfurt 資源明顯有利。

這個檢視很有用，因為 Solana 是全球性的。傳統 HFT 的主要目標往往是靠近某一個撮合引擎，而 Solana 的 leader 會在全球各地的 validator 之間輪換。最快的區域會隨著 leader 排程的變化而改變。

Solana 網路資料網站

公開的 validator 與網路分佈可以透過 Validators Solutions 檢視。先用它了解 Solana 網路的整體情況，再使用 getLeaderSlots 取得運營路由所需的 slot 層級排程、質押權重、validator 位置與實測延遲資料。

Token 使用量

該 API 從指定 slot 開始返回 100 條 leader slot 記錄。每次請求消耗 420 tokens。

如果需要的不是每個 slot 一筆記錄，而是整個 epoch 中每個 validator 一筆記錄，請使用 Validators Information API，它依實際返回的 validator 數量計費。

為什麼 Leader Slot 資訊重要

如果 leader 在地理或網路路徑上很遠，直接傳送交易會變得低效。
質押權重有助於估計某個 validator 在較長時間內出現在 leader 排程中的頻率。
在全球範圍的 leader 切換期間，區域切換策略比單一的全球平均延遲更重要。
結合 slot 排程、質押權重、leader 位置和實測 ping 資料，可以最佳化路由和 validator 部署。

背景

一個 Solana epoch 大約包含 432,000 個 slot。持續收集 leader 排程、validator 後設資料、地理位置與延遲測量資料需要專用的資料管線。ERPC 維護這些資料，並透過 RPC 介面以可立即使用的 leader slot 地圖形式提供。

戰略使用場景

檢測最佳化：優先處理附近、低延遲的 leader 視窗。
多區域部署：在 FRA、AMS、NY、TY、SGP 等關鍵區域部署資源，以縮短切換空檔。
考慮質押的規劃：使用 stakeWeight 了解在較長時間視窗內哪些 leader 出現得更頻繁。
視覺化與分析：依區域監控 leader 比率、質押分佈與延遲分佈。

可用性

getLeaderSlots 對所有 ERPC 使用者可用。API token 與使用額度可在 ERPC Web Dashboard 上發行或確認。

ERPC Web Dashboard：ERPC Web Dashboard

交易成功率與 SWQoS 端點

若要進一步提高交易成功率和執行速度，建議使用 SWQoS 端點。SWQoS（Stake-weighted Quality of Service）會優先處理擁有質押連線的 validator。Leader 會將大約 80% 的頻寬分配給優先流量，20% 分配給非優先流量，優先通道的吞吐量約為 5 倍。該排程發生在 Priority fee 評估之前，因此進入 SWQoS 優先通道是實現真正低延遲效能的前提。